Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for conditions that involve chronic inflammation of the digestive tract—primarily Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

• Symptoms often include persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fatigue.
• Diagnosis and treatment typically involve colonoscopies, imaging, and medication to reduce inflammation.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), on the other hand, is a functional gastrointestinal disorder. It does not involve structural or inflammatory changes in the bowel.

• Common symptoms include bloating, gas, and changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both).

Key Point: While IBS can cause uncomfortable symptoms and disrupt daily life, it doesn’t cause the gut damage seen in IBD. We like to think of IBS as a headache and IBD as a migraine! 

• A “flare-up” refers to a period where IBD symptoms intensify.
• Common signs of a flare-up include more frequent bowel movements, increased abdominal pain, and sometimes fever or rectal bleeding.
• Flare-ups can vary in intensity and duration—some people experience mild symptoms, while others may have severe complications requiring hospitalisation.
• Possible Triggers: Immune responses from infections, hormonal or even changes in medication can contribute. We are still unsure exactly what causes flares, but we do know it is not diet related! 

Medical History & Physical Exam

• Your doctor will discuss your symptoms, family history, and perform a basic exam.

Stool Tests & Blood Tests

• Help rule out infections or other causes of your symptoms.
• Check for signs of inflammation or anemia.

Endoscopic Procedures

• Colonoscopy (with or without endoscopy) is common, allowing direct visual of the colon and sometimes the small intestine. Biopsies help confirm a diagnosis.

Imaging

• CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasound can assess inflammation and complications.

• While IBD can be serious and lead to life threatening complications if left untreated, it’s typically manageable with the right treatment plan.
• Effective therapies such as anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressants, and sometimes surgery help control inflammation and prevent severe complications.
• Early and ongoing medical care is key to managing IBD and maintaining quality of life.

Bottom Line: IBD is a chronic condition, but with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many people live full, active lives.